AEC assignment

💠Parmar khushi j.

💠SY BA english 

💠AEC

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💠 Home assignment 

◾What is a Determiner?

A determiner is a word that comes before a noun and gives more information about it.

It tells us:

How many

Which one

Whose

How much

Example:

This book is mine.

My pen is blue.

Some students are absent.

Types of Determiners

There are mainly 6 types of determiners:

Articles

Demonstratives

Possessives

Quantifiers

Numbers

Distributives

🔹1. Articles

Articles are the most common determiners.

(A) Definite Article

The

Used for specific things.

Example:

The sun rises in the east.

The girl is my sister.

(B) Indefinite Articles

A

An

Used for general or non-specific things.

Example:

I saw a dog.

She is an honest girl.

🔹2. Demonstrative Determiners

They show which person or thing.

This (near, singular)

That (far, singular)

These (near, plural)

Those (far, plural)

Examples:

This book is mine.

Those stars are bright.

🔹3. Possessive Determiners

They show ownership.

My

Your

His

Her

Its

Our

Their

Examples:

My bag is heavy.

Their house is big.

🔹4. Quantifiers

They show quantity (how much or how many).

Common Quantifiers:

Some

Any

Much

Many

Few

Little

Several

All

No

Enough

Both

Half

Examples:

Some students are absent.

Many people like tea.

Few girls were present.

All children are playing.

🔹5. Numbers (Numeral Determiners)

They show exact number or order.

(A) Cardinal Numbers (Exact Number)

One

Two

Three

Ten

Example:

Two boys are running.

(B) Ordinal Numbers (Position)

First

Second

Third

Tenth

Example:

She got first prize.

🔹6. Distributive Determiners

They refer to individual members of a group.

Each

Every

Either

Neither

Examples:

Each student must answer.

Every child needs love.

Either pen is fine.

Neither answer is correct.

🔹7. Interrogative Determiners

Used in questions.

Which

What

Whose

Examples:

Which book do you want?

Whose bag is this?

🔹8. Predeterminers

They come before other determiners.

All

Both

Half

Such

Examples:

All the students are here.

Both my friends came.

Half the cake is gone.

Important Notes

 A determiner comes before a noun.

 We usually use only one main determiner before a noun.

 Determiners are different from adjectives.

Example:

My red bag

(My = determiner, Red = adjective)

Quick List of Common Determiners

Articles: a, an, the

Demonstratives: this, that, these, those

Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their

Quantifiers: some, any, much, many, few, little, several, all, no, enough

Numbers: one, two, first, second

Distributives: each, every, either, neither

Interrogatives: which, what, whose

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💠Class assignment 

Adjectives and Adverbs

🔹1. Adjectives

What is an Adjective?

An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun.

It tells us:

What kind?

Which one?

How many?

Examples:

She is a beautiful girl.

It is a big house.

I have three books.

In these sentences:

beautiful, big, three → are adjectives.

Types of Adjectives

1. Adjective of Quality

Describes quality.

Examples:

Honest man

Clever boy

Happy child

🔹2. Adjective of Quantity

Shows amount (uncountable nouns).

Examples:

Some water

Much milk

Little sugar

🔹3. Adjective of Number

Shows number (countable nouns).

Examples:

Two pens

Many students

Several books

🔹4. Demonstrative Adjective

Shows which one.

This

That

These

Those

Example:

This book is good.

🔹5. Possessive Adjective

Shows ownership.

My

Your

His

Her

Our

Their

Example:

My pen is blue.

🔹6. Interrogative Adjective

Used in questions.

Which

What

Whose

Example:

Which subject do you like?

Degrees of Adjectives

Adjectives have three degrees:

1. Positive Degree

Tall

2. Comparative Degree

Taller

3. Superlative Degree

Tallest

Example:

Ram is tall.

Shyam is taller than Ram.

Mohan is the tallest boy in the class.

2. Adverbs

What is an Adverb?

An adverb describes:

A verb

An adjective

Another adverb

It tells us:

How?

When?

Where?

How much?

Examples:

She runs fast.

He speaks politely.

I will come tomorrow.

Here:

fast, politely, tomorrow → are adverbs.

Types of Adverbs

🔹1. Adverb of Manner (How?)

Examples:

Slowly

Quickly

Carefully

Example:

She walks slowly.

🔹2. Adverb of Time (When?)

Examples:

Today

Yesterday

Now

Soon

Example:

I met him yesterday.

🔹3. Adverb of Place (Where?)

Examples:

Here

There

Everywhere

Outside

Example:

He is waiting outside.

🔹4. Adverb of Frequency (How often?)

Examples:

Always

Often

Never

Sometimes

Example:

She always studies.

🔹5. Adverb of Degree (How much?)

Examples:

Very

Too

Quite

Almost

Example:

She is very beautiful.

Difference Between Adjective and Adverb

Adjective

Adverb

Describes noun

Describes verb/adjective

Example: happy girl

Example: runs happily

Answers: What kind?

Answers: How? When? Where?

Example:

She is a quick runner. (Adjective)

She runs quickly. (Adverb)

Important Rule

Many adverbs end with –ly

Examples:

Slow → Slowly

Happy → Happily

Careful → Carefully

But some words are same as adjective and adverb:

Fast

Hard

Early

Late

Example:

He is a fast runner. (Adjective)

He runs fast. (Adverb)

◽Conclusion

Adjectives describe nouns.

Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Both are very important in English grammar

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💠  Essay

🔹Spoken Grammar

What is Spoken Grammar?

Spoken grammar is the grammar we use while speaking in daily life.

It is sometimes different from written grammar.

When we speak:

We use short forms

We use simple sentences

Sometimes sentences are not complete

Spoken grammar is more natural and informal.

Features of Spoken Grammar

🔹1. Short Forms (Contractions)

In speaking, we use contractions.

Examples:

I am → I’m

You are → You’re

He is → He’s

Do not → Don’t

Cannot → Can’t

Example:

I’m going now.

Don’t worry.

🔹2. Ellipsis (Leaving Words Out)

In spoken English, we sometimes remove words because meaning is clear.

Example:

Want some tea? (Full form: Do you want some tea?)

Coming? (Are you coming?)

This makes speech faster.

🔹3. Use of Simple Sentences

In speaking, we mostly use short and simple sentences.

Example:

I’m tired.

Let’s go.

That’s fine.

🔹4. Question Tags

Used to confirm information.

Examples:

You are coming, aren’t you?

It’s hot today, isn’t it?

She can sing, can’t she?

🔹5. Fillers

Fillers are words we use while thinking.

Examples:

Umm

Well

You know

Actually

Like

Example:

Well, I think it’s okay.

Umm… I don’t know.

🔹6. Repetition

In speaking, we repeat words for emphasis.

Example:

It was very, very good.

I was so, so tired.

🔹7. Informal Words

Spoken grammar uses informal words.

Examples:

Gonna (going to)

Wanna (want to)

Kinda (kind of)

Example:

I’m gonna call you.

I wanna sleep.

(Use these only in informal speaking, not in exams.)

🔹8. Discourse Markers

These words connect ideas in speech.

Examples:

So

Anyway

Actually

By the way

Example:

So, what happened next?

By the way, where is your bag?

Difference Between Spoken and Written Grammar

Spoken Grammar

Written Grammar

Informal

Formal

Short sentences

Complete sentences

Uses contractions

Avoids contractions (sometimes)

Uses fillers

No fillers

More natural

More correct and structured

Example:

Spoken:

"I didn’t go. Was tired."

Written:

"I did not go because I was tired."

Importance of Spoken Grammar

Helps in daily communication

Improves fluency

Makes speech natural

Builds confidence

◾Conclusion

Spoken grammar is simple, natural, and informal. It is different from written grammar but very important for communication. To improve spoken grammar:

Practice daily speaking

Listen to English conversations

Use simple sentences.

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